I. Hierarchy of Vascular System -
    A) Arteries
        1) outer coat (tunica externa)
            a) elastic & collagen fivers
        2) middle coat (tunica media)
            a) usually thickest
            b) elastic fibers & smooth muscle
            c) smooth muscle has sympathetic innervation
                i) vasoconstriction & vasodilation
        3) inner coat (tunica interna)
            a) endothelium & basment membrane
        4) large arteries (conducting)
            a) more elastic fibers, thinner
            b) "pressure reservoir"
        5) medium arteries (distributing)
            a) more smooth muscle, thicker
            b) most vasodynamic
        6) arterioles
            a) regulate blood into capillaries
    B) Capillaries
        1) endothelium site of nutrient/gas/waste exchange
        2) metarteriole and capillary sphincters
        3) "vasomotion" intermittent blood flow
        4) continuous vs fenestrated vs sinusoid capillaries
    C) Venules & Veins
        1) few smooth muscles
        2) valves in veins, function
        3) skeletal muscle and thoracoabdominal action in venous return

II. Movement of Material Across Capillaries -
    A) Diffusion
        1) most important for solutes
        2) concentration dependant
        3) through plamsa membranes, fenestrations & clefts
    B) Vesicular
        1) large hydrophilic molecules (e.g. IgG)
    C) Bulk flow
        1) regulates volume of plasma & interstitial fluid
        2) main pressures acting in bulk flow
            a) hydrostatic pressure
                i) BHP ~35 (arteriole) and ~16 (veinule)
                ii) mainly drives fluid into interstitial spaces
            b) osmotic pressure
                i) BCOP mainly drives fluid back into blood
        3) approx. 85% fluid reabsorbed into blood
        4) approx. 15% remains in interstitial spaces
                a) eventually absorbed by lymphatic capillaries
    D) Factors Affecting Edema
        1) increase BHP
            a) increase venous pressure
            b) cardiac failure
            c) poor circulation
            d) increase fluid uptake
        2) decrease BCOP
            a) plasma protein loss (kidney disease)
        3) increase capillary permeability
            a) toxins

III. Blood Pressure
    A) Blood pressure measurements
        1) sytolic over diastolic recording (120/80)
            a) use of sphygmomanometer
            b) 1st and last Korotkoff sounds
        2) mean arterial blood pressure (MABP)
            a) diastolic BP + 1/3(systolic BP - diastolic BP)
            b) average about 93mm Hg
            c) MABP affected by resistance of blood flow
                i) viscosity
                ii) length of blood vessels
                iii) ave radius of blood vessels
        3) pulse pressure (PP)
            a) systolic BP - diastolic BP
            b) average about 40mmHg
            c) increased PP assoc. with poor coronary circulation
                i) atherosclerosis