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BIO201 Anatomy & Physiology
Lecture Outline 3: Histology
I. Histology: (my histology practice test)
A. Epithelial Tissue:
1. Identify five major functions:
2. Describe five major characteristics:
3. Describe the basis of classification:
a. simple squamous, cuboidal, columnar
b. stratified squamous (kertin/nonkeratin), cuboidal, columnar, transitional
c. pseudostratified
4. Glandular epithelium
a. compare exocrine and endocrine glands
b. compare the following types of exocrine glands
i. holocrine glands
ii. merocrine glands
iii. apocrine glands
B. Connective Tissue:
1. Identify the major functions:
2. Describe the major characteristics:
3. Identify the major components:
a. cells - fibroblasts (fib); mast cells (mst); chondrocytes (cho);
adipocytes (adp); osteocytes (ost); macrophage (mac).
b. fibers - collagen (col); elastin (els); reticular (ret).
c. ground substance - hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, etc.
4. Identify mesenchyme - embryonic connective tissue
5. Review the terminology from lab also.
6. Know the classifications of connective tissues:
a. Loose:
i. areolar: (fib, mst, mac) (col, els, ret)
ii. adipose: (adp) (ret)
iii. reticular: (fib) (ret)
b. Dense:
i. regular: (fib) (col)
ii. irregular: (fib) (col, els)
iii. elastic: (fib) (els)
c. Cartilage:
i. hyaline: (cho) (col -fine fibers)
ii. fibrocartilage: (cho) (col)
iii. elastic: (cho) (els)
7. Bone: we will cover bone tissue later
8. Blood: cover this in BIO202 lab
C. Muscle Tissue:
1. Identify the major classifications:
a. skeletal
b. smooth
c. cardiac
2. Compare/contrast these three muscle types.
D. Nervous Tissue:
1. neurons and neuroglia
(we will cover nervous tissue later this semester)
E. Describe the factors affecting tissue repair:
1. Nutrition,
a. protein, provides basic building blocks (amino acids) for connective tissue/collagen production.
b. carbohydrates, provide energy for growth & production
c. vitamins, various roles in growth & repair of tissues
i. vitamin A - enhances epithelial growth, e.g. retinoic acid
ii. B-complex - enhances cellular metabolism & energy production, RBC production (B12)
iii. vitamin C - necessary for connective tissue growth/maintainence; Scurvy example of Vit-C deficiency
iv. vitamin D - increases calcium uptake from diet, important for bone growth/repair.
v. vitamin E - potent anti-oxidant, free-radical scavenger, promotes tissue repair with less scarring
2. Age
a. younger individuals have greater growth/tissue repair ability
b. injuries in elderly less likely to heal quickly or restore full use of damaged tissue
3. Blood supply
a. good circulation necessary for nutrient delivery to damaged tissues
b. poor ciculation hinders growth/repair
4. Type of tissue affected
a. wide range of growth rates of various tissues
b. epithelial, blood, bone among fastest growing
c. cartilage, cardiac muscle, nervous among slowest growing (or nongrowing)