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  [Close Window] 		Interleukin 1 (IL-1) is a cytokine released from activated macrophages of the immune system that enhances and amplifies immune responses to infections. IL-1 also has potent effects on the hypothalamus that include:

A) stimulating the preoptic area of the hypothalamus to increase body temperature
B) inhibiting the ventromedial nucleus to increase eating
C) stimulating the supraoptic nucleus to secrete oxytocin and vasopressin
D) inhibiting the release of corticotropin releasing factor
E) induce a more alert wakeful state